Common Misconceptions About the Justice System: Debunking Myths from Movies & TV

Introduction

Movies and TV shows have long shaped our perceptions of our justice system; from thrilling courtroom dramas to high-stakes police investigations, Hollywood often takes creative liberties that lead to common misconceptions about how federal and state laws work–particularly in Michigan. While these portrayals can be entertaining, they frequently distort the realities of the legal system, leaving audiences with misleading impressions about how justice is truly served.

In this blog post, we’ll debunk some of the most common of these misconceptions, focusing on federal laws and how they intersect with state laws here in Michigan.

Separating Fact from Fiction

Misconception #1: A Defendant Always Gets a Dramatic Jury Trial

The Hollywood Myth: Movies often depict intense courtroom scenes with passionate attorneys, dramatic testimonies, and shocking jury verdicts. It gives the impression that every legal case ends in a high-stakes trial before a jury.

The Reality: Most legal cases are resolved through plea bargains or settlements rather than going to trial. In fact, in the federal system, around 90% of criminal cases end in a plea deal, with a similar trend in state courts. This is because both sides often prefer negotiating an agreement because trials can be:

• Expensive
• Time-Consuming
• Unpredictable

Misconception #2: Every Suspect Has the Right to a Single Phone Call

The Hollywood Myth: The trope of a detained suspect demanding their “one phone call” is a staple of the Hollywood crime drama, creating the expectation that no matter the charge, you’re entitled to a quick phone call to a lawyer or loved one.

The Reality: Both federal and Michigan laws guarantee the right to legal counsel, there is no strict entitlement to a single phone call. In Michigan, police procedures allow suspects to contact an attorney or arrange bail, but the timing and number of calls depend on the situation and discretion of the officers. Moreover, the “one phone call” idea vastly oversimplifies the broader right to consult with an attorney.

Misconception #3: Laywers Always Win Cases with Surprise Evidence

The Holllywood Myth: In courtroom dramas, attorneys often win cases with shocking, last-minute evidence or witness testimonies that completely turn the tide of the trial.

The Reality: In real life, surprise evidence is rare. The legal process in both federal and state courts follows strict discovery rules, which require both sides to share evidence before the trial. This ensures that neither side is ambushed. Lawyers must disclose witness lists, exhibits, and key information in advance. Any surprise evidence introduced in court could be challenged, excluded, or even lead to a mistrial.

Misconception #4: Federal Agents Can Easily Take Over Local Cases

The Hollywood Myth: Crime shows and movies frequently depict FBI agents sweeping in to take over local police investigations, making it seem as if federal law enforcement can intervene whenever they wish.

The Reality: Federal authorities only get involved in specific cases that involve violations of federal law– such as large-scale drug trafficking, terrorism, or crimes crossing state lines. Local cases fall under state jurisdiction unless they meet certain criteria for federal involvement. In addition, federal agents must work within legal frameworks and often cooperate with local authorities, rather than simply “taking over.”

Michigan law enforcement handles the majority of criminal cases within the state.

Misconception #5: Search Warrants are Easy to Get and Always Flawless

The Hollywood Myth: TV shows often depict law enforcement obtaining search warrants at the drop of a hat and immediately kicking down doors to gather evidence.

The Reality: Obtaining a search warrant requires law enforcement to demonstrate probable cause before a judge, who don’t issue warrants lightly. Any mistake in obtaining or executing a warrant, such as searching the wrong location or not specifying the evidence, can lead to suppression of the evidence – meaning it can’t be used in court, potentially crippling the prosecution’s case.

Conclusion

While movies and TV shows are entertaining, they often present a skewed version of the justice system to maximize the drama. In reality, the legal process is far more complex than Hollywood would have us believe. Understanding the truth behind these common misconceptions can help demystify the legal process, ensure expectations are grounded in reality, and prepare you in case you find yourself in any of these situations.

If you’re facing a legal issue, it’s essential to consult a knowledgable attorney who understands both federal and Michigan state laws. Don’t rely on what you’ve seen on screen – get the facts